Patches → A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), a process for smoking cessation. The first published study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was authored by Jed E. Rose, Ph. D., Murray E. Jarvik, M. D., Ph. D. and K. Daniel Rose, M. D., in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence (vol. 13, pp.209-213, 1984). This was followed by publication of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes (Rose JE, Herskovic JE, Trilling Y and Jarvik ME, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 38, pp. 450-456, 1985). The University of California filed a patent application in April, 1985 that was granted in 1991 (U. S. Patent #4,920,989). However, a competing patent application, filed by Dr. Frank T. Etscorn III, was issued on July 1, 1986 (U. S. Patent #4,597,961). Subsequently, the U. S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, on September 29, 1993, issued a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.
Nicotine → Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae) that constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place in the roots and accumulation occurring in the leaves. It functions as an antiherbivore chemical with particular specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and currently nicotine analogs such as imidacloprid continue to be widely used.
Free → Gratis is the process of providing goods or services without compensation. It is often referred to in English as free of charge (FOC) or complimentary. Companies, producers, and service providers often provide certain things free of charge as part of a larger business model or pricing strategy.
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A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), a process for smoking cessation. The first published study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was authored by Jed E. Rose, Ph. D., Murray E. Jarvik, M. D., Ph. D. and K. Daniel Rose, M. D., in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence (vol. 13, pp.209-213, 1984). This was followed by publication of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes (Rose JE, Herskovic JE, Trilling Y and Jarvik ME, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 38, pp. 450-456, 1985). The University of California filed a patent application in April, 1985 that was granted in 1991 (U. S. Patent #4,920,989). However, a competing patent application, filed by Dr. Frank T. Etscorn III, was issued on July 1, 1986 (U. S. Patent #4,597,961). Subsequently, the U. S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, on September 29, 1993, issued a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.
Issues
Efficacy
Dozens of clinical trials have shown that the patch approximately doubles success rates over placebo treatment.
Alternate uses
Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of post-surgical pain.
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